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Peter of Bruys
Peter of Bruys (also known as Pierre De Bruys or Peter de Bruis; ''fl.'' 1117 – c.1131) was a popular French religious teacher, who is called a heresiarch (leader of a heretical movement) by the Roman Catholic Church because he criticized infant baptism, opposed the erecting of churches and the veneration of crosses, opposed the doctrine of transubstantiation, and denied the efficacy of prayers for the dead. An angry mob killed him in or around the year 1131. Information concerning Peter of Bruys is derived from two extant sources, the treatise of Peter the Venerable against his followers and from a passage written by Peter Abelard.〔
==Life and teachings==
Sources suggest that Peter was born at Bruis in southeastern France.〔 The history of his early life is unknown, but it is certain that he was a Roman Catholic priest who had been deprived of his office by the Church hierarchy for teaching unorthodox doctrine.〔 He began his preaching in Dauphiné and Provence probably between 1117 and 1120.〔 The local bishops, who oversaw the dioceses of Embrun, Die, and Gap, suppressed his teachings within their jurisdictions. In spite of the official repression, Peter's teachings gained adherents at Narbonne, Toulouse, and in Gascony.〔
Peter of Bruys admitted the doctrinal authority of the Gospels in their literal interpretation; the other New Testament writings he seems to have considered valueless, as he doubted their apostolic origin.〔 To the New Testament epistles he assigned only a subordinate place as not coming from Jesus Christ, but rather being the work of men.〔
He questioned the Old Testament and rejected the authority of the Church Fathers and that of the Roman Catholic Church itself.〔〔 According to an account listed in the 1911 edition of The Catholic Encyclopedia, his contempt for the Roman Catholic Church extended to the clergy and physical violence was preached and practiced against priests and monks by his followers, known as Petrobrusians.〔 There is no evidence for these claims about violence made in the Catholic Encyclopedia. 〔Compare to F.L. Cross; E.A. Livingstone (editors), The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd edition. USA: Oxford University Press. page 1272〕 Petrobrusians also opposed clerical celibacy.〔
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